electric

What is the electric ?

Ans: electric means a sos of enargy.

Who was invented it ?

Ans: alacganddar boldar. He was an italian.

IELTS READING

IELTS READING

if you want a good score for that you should practice regularly. in this page  i give some system for you which are so helpful. 

you get 1 hour for this module and you should solve 3 passage or you get a answer sheet with main question paper. this hour you should give all answer and you must transfer all answer in the answer sheet.

Reading passage 1

Early Telecommunication devices

       Although it is hardly used anymore, the telegraph is familiar to most people. This early telecommunication devices is credited, as any school student knows, to samuel morse, who, in 1844 made the first long-distance electronic communication via his invention, the morse`s telegraph. What is not so commonly known is that morse`s was not the only telegraph nor he the only such inventor at this time. A rival system, developed by William cook and Charles Wheatstone, was patented in England in 1845 and was subsequently adopted for use by British rail companies to enable speedy communication between rail station.

However, the Cooke-Wheatstone telegraph, which used six wires and a fragile receiver requiring five magnetic needles, proved to the awkward to use, difficult to transport and expensive to built. Morse`s version used one wire and a receiver of a simpler and stronger design. This is, no doubt, why it became the favored telegraph in many parts of the world, especially the United states, which built a telegraph line along railway tracks crossing the North American continent, linking eastern cities with western frontiers.

Morse chose the magnetic Telegraph company to handle the patents for his telegraph technology, and within seven years of the appearance of his invention, the company had licensed use of the telegraph to more than 50 companies across the US. In 1851, twelve of this companies come together to form the Western union company. by 1866, Western union had grown to include more than 4000 telegraph offices, almost all in rail stations.

Another early telecommunications device is still very much with us the telephone. Although the telephone is popularly thought to be the brainchild of one man, Alexander Graham Bell, this is not the while truth. Phillip Reis, a Schoolteacher in Germany, invented a device in 1861 that he labelled a telephone. Reis’s invention was limited to transmitting musical tones, however, and could not sent the sound of the human voice across the wire.

While Reis was working on his invention, Bell and another man, Elisha Gray, were also working toward the invention of the telephone, though by an indirect route. Both were, in fact, seeking ways of allowing multiple telegraph signals to travel along the some telegraph line - a system known as a harmonic telegraph. Bell worked in Boston while Gray was based in Chicago, and the tow were rivals in their area of research. for both inventors, the perfection of the harmonic telegraph proved too difficult and both, separately but at around the some time, changed plans and started on the development of a telephone. Most interesting of all is the fact that both men applied for a patent to the US patent office for their respective telephones on the some day, 14 February 1876. Bell was lucky enough to have arrived a few hours earlier than Gray and so it was Bell whose name was to be forever associated with the telephone. The harmonic telegraph, incidentally, was perfected by Thomas Edison, best known as the inventor of the light built, in 1881.

Rights to Bell’s patent (now recognized as the most valuable patent in history of technology) were offered to Western Union for $100000, with the assumption that the giant telegraph company would be enthusiastic about the new technology. But Western union disliked Bell`s design and instead asked Elisha Gray to make refinements to his original telephone design. Bell`s company began to set up its own business and sell telephones, while Western Union, with its somewhat different design, was its competitor.

Competition between the two continued for about two years, but all the while, the Bell company was mounting a legal challenge to Western Union, claiming it held the only true basic patents for the telephone. it based its claim on the fact that Bell had beaten Gray to the, patent office and so should be the sole recognized inventor of the telephone. Eventually, western Union had to agree with bell and gave up its telephone rights and patents to the bell company. The telephone company`s entire network of telephones was handed over to the Bell company. As compensation, Western Union was given 20 per cent of revenue from rental of its former equipment, this arrangement was to last until Bell`s patents expired. In an effort to fight the power the Bell company enjoyed from exclusive rights to Bell`s patents, a small telephone company, pacific Union, established telephone services in the 1920s and 1930s that it claimed were based on the telephone design of Phillips Reis. They maintained that because Reis`s invention pre-dated Bell1s, the Bell, design was not the first of its kind and, therefore, Bell`s patents were not valid. Although the court accepted that the company may have been using Reis`s technology, it nonetheless held that only Bell`s patents could legally by used.

The Bell company, eventually named American Telephone & telegraph, thus formed an effective monopoly on telephone services in the United States. The company subsequently grew to such an extant that, a century later, it was the largest privately held enterprise in the world, with more than a million employees controlling communication between more than 100 million telephones. in1984, American Telephone & Telegraph was found by a US court to be too monopolistic and was ordered to be broken up into several smaller companies.

patent: an official  recognition of a person as the inventor of a device

monopoly: exclusive control of a market  

Question 1-6

Complete the table below. choose no more than three words from the passage for each  answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

Year	Event	Inventor (s) (by surname)
1845	patent of telegraph	..(1)..
1851	establishment of ..(2)..
1861	invention of telephone	..(3)..
1876	application for patent of ..(4)..	Gray
1881	successful development of ..(5) ..	Edison

Question 6-10

Look at the following lists of inventors and companies. Match each inventor to one of the companies that used his/their technology. Choose E if there is no information in the reading passage. Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet.

NB: you may use any letter more than once.

Inventors

Morse                   Example*

(6) Bell (7) Cooke and Wheatstone (8) Edison (9) Gray (10) Reis

Companies

A   British rail companies B   Pacific Union C   American telephone & telegraph D   Western Union E    no information in reading  passage

 

·       Example answer: D

Question 11-14

using no more than three words , answer the following questions. Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

11) name one reason why Cooke and Wheatstone`s         invention was not as successful as Morse`s.

12) In what type of location did Western Union typically offer its telegraph services ?

13) What sort of information was Reis`s original invention able to send ?

14) What device did Alexander Graham Bell try but fail to invent ?

Solution to Reading passage 1

the 70-80 % answer maintain serial in the reading passage. get the firs question generally we go to the passage first an than 2 ,3, 4, 5 for finding answer.

Before the passage we should understand the question. when we understand the question than we go to the passage for finding answer. if we read  passage first it west our time for that we do not give all answer within 1 hour .

Question-1:  What is not so commonly known is that    Morse`s was not the only technology nor he the only such inventor at this time. A rival system developed by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone, was patented in England in 1845..........

Answer-1: Cooke and Wheatstone.

Question-2: in 1851, twelve of these companies come together to form the Western Union Company.

Answer-2: Western Union Company

 

Question-3: Phillip Reis, a school  teacher in Germany invented a device in 1861 that he lebeled a telephone

Answer-3: Reis

Question-4:  Most interesting of all is the fact that both men applied for a patent to the US patent office for their respective telephones on the some day, 14 February 1876

Answer-4: Respective telephones

Question- 5: The harmonic telegraph, incidentally, was perfected by Thomas Edison

Answer-5: The harmonic telegraph.

Question- 6: The Bell Company , eventually named American Telephone & telegraph

 Answer- 6: C

Question-7: A rival system, developed by William cook and Charles Wheatstone, was patented in England in 1845 and was subsequently adopted for use by British rail companies to enable speedy communication between rail station.

Answer-7: A

Question-8: The harmonic telegraph, incidentally, was perfected by Thomas Edison, best known as the inventor of the light built, in 1881.

Answer-8: E

Question-9: But Western union disliked Bell`s design and instead asked Elisha Gray to make........

Answer-9: D

Question-10: a small telephone company, pacific Union, established telephone services in the 1920s and 1930s that it claimed were based on the telephone design of Phillips Reis.

Answer-10: B

Question-11: However, the Cooke-Wheatstone telegraph, which used six wires and a fragile receiver requiring five magnetic needles, proved to the awkward to use, difficult to transport and expensive to built.

Answer-11: used six wires

Question-12: by 1866, Western union had grown to include more than 4000 telegraph offices, almost all in Rail stations.

Answer-12: Rail stations 

Question-13: Reis invention was limited to transmitting musical tones.

Answer-13: musical tones

Question-14: for both inventors, the perfection of the harmonic telegraph proved too difficult and both, separately but at around the some time, changed plans and started on the development of a telephone.

Answer-14:  harmonic telegraph

Note : you can find answer by capital letter and number or date other name etc.

Letter writing

            Letter writing

it is so helpful for S.S.C/H.S.C students.

we write two types of letter generally

1)The personal letter

2)The formal letter

1 personal letter means own application.

generally we use this type of letter for our relatives or friends and some known parson.

for write this we need to know some role.

a)   you need to write address on the left side who get this letter. or just under the address you should write date.

b)   greetings very by relationships with you.

example: Dear father, Dear ali, Dearest brother

c)   you can write Para by your choose.

d)    yours loving  son, yours sincerely, yours affectionately.

e)   you must write your name under the letter.

        your Address here

Date here

I have received your letter. I am very happy to receive it but I am so sorry for late reply. you will be glad to know that my preparation is quite good. I have already revised all subjects 2 times, now i am revising all subjects for 3^rd times. Every day morning i am going to join special classes in our school which are taken by our school/college teachers. Besides, have collected a test paper, I am solving test paper questions, i am assure you that if god wishes I will be able to have good result in my exam. I am well, with the best wishes to mother and love to the younger sister.

your loving son.

md aman

sadar south comilla

gov`t college road

comilla – 3570

                        letter 2

A letter to your friend about your native village

Greeting

village

family wish

Ending point

Letter 3

A letter to your cousin about your collage

Letter4

A letter to your uncle about your college

Letter 5

A letter to your foreign friend about the present situation of Bangladesh

Letter 6

A letter to your younger brother feeling him about the importance of learning English

Letter 7

A letter to your brother telling him about the disadvantages of smoking

Letter8

A letter to your friend about advantage of sports.

  The formal letter

     formal letter means official letter.

a)      you need to write address on the left who gate the letter. just after the address you need to mention date.

b)      you must write the subject which is your main writing subject.

c)      greeting like Dear sir, Dear madam

d)      write some para form your knowledge.

e)      in the end you need to write your faithfully, yours sincerely.

17 April 2014

The principal,

t college

subject: prayer for a seat in the college hostel.

sir,

With due respect/more respectful I/we beg to state that then describe why you need a sit in hostel..............................................................................................................

I/we Therefore, pray and hope that you would be kind enough to consider a seat in college hostel and oblige there by.

your sincerely,

md aminul hoque

2) Application for a library in your college.

3) Application for a study tour.

4) Application for a days holiday.

5) Application for a full free student ship

mix personal and formal letter

1)letter to your friend asking for return of.

2) letter to friend congratulating him for new job.

3) A letter to your uncle and aunt with whom you  spent your holidays.

4) A letter of congratulations to a friend who recently passed his examination.

5) A letter to thank a friend who has sent you a present by post.

Job Application

1)  Write an application to the managing director of a bank for the post of a junior officer.

13march, 2014

The managing Director

National bank Ltd.

Nuzrul islam avenue, Dhaka.

subject : prayer for the post of a junior officer.

Dear sir,

          I have come to know from your advertisement published in the ‘’The Daily star’’ on 17^th march 2014 for the post of a some junior officers in your bank. I want to offer my self as a Candidate for the same and write below particulars for favor of your kind perusal sympathy consideration.

Name:

Father`s name :

mother`s name :

present address :

permanent address :

Date of Birth :

Religion :

Nationality :

Marital status :

Education Qualification :

Name of Degree	Board/university	Result	year of passing
m.com Accounting
B.S.S
H.S.C
S.S.C

Reference         :                 1) mr.. joynal abdin

                                                professor of accounting,

                                                T Digree college.

                                            2) mr . arif uddin

                                               General manager,

                                               Comilla Branch.

Experience       :   Working as junior officer in sun flower Co-operative Company since 2009.

    In the Circumstances stated above, I hope that  you would be kind enough to give me the opportunity to face the interview to prove me competence for the post

mk anuar.

Attachment :

a)   Attested photocopies of academic certificates and testimonials.

b)   two copies attested passport size photograph.

c)   Attested photocopies of experience certificate.

practice more job application

1)   write an application to the editor of the daily observer for the post of a sub-editor.

2)   Write an application to the head master of a school for the post of an English teacher.

3)    Write an application to the principal of a college for the post of Lecturer.

4)   Write an application to the Director for post of a nurse.

5)   Write an application to the personal department of  a bank for the post of a personal officer.   

Composition Writing

Composition Writing

some note = A composition generally develop a main think. it is easy generally : it makes by some paragraphs which are easy &  separate.

>A main think develop by some number of paragraph.

>1t open by topic statement paragraph .

>in the medal paragraphs give full support for explain , or extension.

>it ending by easy paragraph.

practice

1) A village fair/ market  

idea list

Introduction

Where is it held ?

When is it held ?

Description

Attractions

Advantages

Disadvantages

conclusion

>some importance  world you can use thus for good writing

rural, goods, Exhibition, ornaments, purchase, necessary, sellers, consumers, gambler, spoil

 2) unemployment

introduction

Reasons of unemployment

population growth

Faulty education system

limited work opportunities

Natural resources are not utilized properly

limited industries

solutions

conclusion

3) Season in Bangladesh

Summer Season

Rainy season

Autumn Season

Late Autumn Season

winter season

spring Season

note: describe all seasons by some are short or big

4) The rainy season in Bangladesh

Introduction

Duration

Description

advantages

disadvantages

conclusion

some needed word : Features, constitute, ripe, Relief, Excessive heat, Dew, Gloomy, Quilt, Blanket, Fog, Breeze, Clouds, wet, Muddy, Demerits, Over low, Properties, Silt

4) Importance of learning English

Why is it important ?

Where is it important ?

In business

For job

For technology

For information

For developing &countries economy

conclusion

5) importance of learning computer

Introduction

Why is it importance ?

Where is it importance ?

In business

In education

In medical

For job

For international communication

For information

For developing a country economy

conclusion

6) A journey by train/ Boat

Introduction

Where and when ?

What was the purpose ?

Description of journey ?

conclusion

 7) Corruption in Bangladesh

Introduction

Reasons of corruption

Who are responsible ?

Disadvantages

remedies

Conclusion

8) Newspaper

Introduction

history

kinds

Usefulness

Demerits

Conclusion

9) Communication in Bangladesh

Introduction

Ways

Water ways

Road ways

Air ways

problems of  our communication

Conclusion

10) Our school

                                  Introduction

where

Description

student and teacher

facilities of your school

main problem

annual results

conclusion

11) our town/village

Introduction

where

Description

population

Facilities

problems

conclusion

paragraph writing

standard writing

at first paragraph writing

it is so helpful for IELTS writing 

1) your home

Idea list

>where

>how many houses

>who live

>environment

>neighbor

>your feelings

Including world

also, and, and then, too, in addition, furthermore, more ever, again, on top op that, another, first, second, third.

To put in time order

then, after, afterward, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, mean while, gradually, inside, outside, alongside.

To compare

in the some way, similarly, just like, like wise.

To contrast

but, still, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, despite, in spite of, suddenly, finally, previously,

To put in space order – near

near to, far, far from, in front of, beside, in near of, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, around, surrounding, on one side

To show cause and effect

because, since, so, consequently, as a result, therefore, then thus.

To show purpose

    for this reasons, for this purpose, so that.

To emphasize

indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, without any doubt, in any event, to give example, for instance, as an illustration, specifically.

To summarize

   in summary, in conclusion, to sum up, as i have shown

A paragraph with transition words

2) Important of reading newspaper

Newspaper is a store house of knowledge. Reading newspaper daily has a great important in our life. To speak the truth, it makes us knowledgeable, intelligent, for this reasons we should read it. Furthermore, newspaper helps people to know the present incident of the world immediately. Indeed, newspaper contains different supplements for people entertainment. Newspaper also makes people aware about the upcoming problem. By reading newspaper we know different products advertisements consequently, we are able to know desirable products quality & price. It published job advertisement. so, job seekers come to know about job. Newspaper take some famous people interviews. For example, well known politician leaders, sports players and some film stars give their opinion in newspaper. Thus, general people come to know about their life style, opinion etc. In summery, newspaper plays a vital role to make us faster & modern.

Add

3) Write about your country

>Idea list

>where population

>main occupation

>Natural recourses

>problems

>Districts

>Division

4) your home city

idea list

>where/ location

>population

>occupation

>Natural Beauty

>problems

>Education

>Most attractive sites

5) native village

>where

>population

>attractive sites

>Education

>people occupation

>problems

6)Drug addiction

>what is it ?

>How does it affect ?

>where is it found ?

>why should it stop ?

7)Unemployment

>what is it ?

>what are the problems of it ?

>how can it be solved ?

8)Importance of learning English

>how is it importance ?

>who need to learn it ?

>why should learn it ?

>where can  be learnt it ?

9) Education of your country

>What is the present percentage of your country education ?

>How is primary/secondary/higher secondary/university education ?

>problems

>solutions

10) Agriculture of your country

>How is it ?

>What are the problems ?

>solutions

>What is the future ?

11) Recent problem of your country

>What is it ?

>Who is responsible for it ?

>How does it hamper us ?

>solutions

12) My college campus  

>what is the name ?

>How big is it ?

>problems

>solutions

13) your future plan

>What is it ?

>why did you choose it ?

>How will it help you ?